Basic Bible Truth For New Believers

New to the Christian faith? Here’s some theology to get you started.

God’s Revelation in the Bible

The Bible, as God’s Word is our final authority for what we believe and how we live.

Talking Points:

  • We need God’s word to discern what is really true. Many voices in the world claim to speak with truth and authority. But God has spoken. 2 Timothy 3:16
  • The credibility of the Bible can be established in various ways – not only the manuscript evidence, but also archaeology, history, fulfilled prophecy, and the impact of the Bible on human culture and in individual lives. Psalm 19:7-9
  • The Bible is our only source for clear, definitive statements about God and his will. Without the Bible, we cannot know God personally, have our sins forgiven, or know with certainty what God wants us to do. Hebrews 4:12
  • The Bible doesn’t give us every detail on every question in life. It is not a textbook on mathematics or medicine. But it contains all the words a person needs in order to become a Christian, live as a Christian, and grow as a Christian. 2 Timothy 3:15
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Why is it important that the Bible be the basis for our beliefs?
  3. Read 2 Timothy 3:16. How can the words of the Bible be authored by human writers and authored by God at the same time?
  4. Read Psalm 19:7-9. If you thought that there were some small errors in the Bible, how do you think that would affect the way you read Scripture?
  5. Name and describe three things for which the Bible is necessary.
  6. Read 2 Timothy 3:15. Will the Bible definitely answer every question we bring to it? Why or why not?
  7. What is one issue that the Bible speaks clearly on? What is one issue that the Bible does not speak clearly on? How does this affect the emphasis you should place on these issues?
  8. Talk about an issue in your life where putting God’s words into practice made a difference for you.
  9. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?

This is part of the Bible Basics for New Believers series.

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Introduction to God’s Attributes

We study the attributes of God in order to know him more intimately and to worship him more completely.

Talking Points:

  • God never asks us to go against our reason to understand him. In fact, a God who is not greater than our finite minds can grasp is not worthy of being identified or worshipped as God.
  • Humans are prone to create gods in our own image. Instead of projecting our own perceptions, we know who God is because he has communicated his nature to us in clear, written form in the Bible. Romans 1:20
  • It is worth studying the attributes of God not only to gain more knowledge about him, but to worship him more fittingly and to know him more deeply. John 4:24
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Why are you interested in studying the attributes of God? What do you hope to gain?
  3. Explain what it means to say that the nature of God is beyond our reason, but not against our reason.
  4. Read Romans 1:20. Why is it irrational to say that God is whatever an individual perceives him to be?
  5. Read Genesis 1:26. What is your reaction to the idea that God is “a plurality of one?” Explain.
  6. Read John 4:24.What does it mean to say that God is a spirit? What difference does it make that God does not have a physical body?
  7. What is the ultimate purpose for studying the attributes of God? Explain.
  8. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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God’s Unique Attributes

As an infinite being, God possesses many attributes that human beings can never share in any way.

Talking Points:

  • God is the only uncreated being in the universe. He is not dependent on anything or anyone else for his existence. That is what makes him God. Genesis 1:1
  • God’s name is “I am who I am.” The shorter version is simply “I am.” This points to the fact that God always was and always will be. God continually lives in the present tense. He is not limited by time. He never began and he will never end. Exodus 3:13-14
  • Nothing can contain God because he is infinite. God’s only “limitation” is the perfection of his own nature, so God cannot ever be evil.
  • God is infinite with respect to knowledge. His knowledge, wisdom, and perception have no limits. He knows everything factually and abstractly, but he also knows by his own experience of his creation. Psalm 147:4-5
  • Because he is all-powerful, God is in charge. God is powerful enough to rule the universe.
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. How would you answer a child’s questions: “Who made God?” and “What came before God?”
  3. Read Exodus 3:13-14. Why did God choose to identify himself to Moses as “I am who I am?”
  4. Would it be possible for God to not be infinite, and still be God? Explain.
  5. Read Psalm 147:4-5. How is it a comfort to you that God is all-knowing? How is it a challenge to you?
  6. Read Psalm 139:7-11. If you were to write this Psalm today, what word-pictures would you use to express God’s infinite presence?
  7. How is it a comfort to you that God is all-powerful? How is it a challenge to you?
  8. As you consider the unique attributes of God, how does this study help you to know God more deeply? How does it help you to worship him more fully?
  9. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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God’s Relative Attributes

Some of God’s attributes can be understood because they are reflected - in a limited way - in human beings.

Talking Points:

  • Love is the sacrificial and self-giving expression that seeks the highest good for another. God’s love is perfect, as demonstrated in many ways, but ultimately by the cross. 1 John 4:10
  • God’s grace is his unlimited favor toward us even though we do not deserve his care or blessing. God never ceases to be a God of grace. 1 Peter 5:10
  • While God’s grace gives us what we do not deserve, God’s mercy withholds from us what we rightly deserve. In his mercy for our need, God is slow to exercise his righteous anger against us. Psalm 103:8
  • All of God’s attributes are in perfect harmony with one another. There is no contradiction or conflict within his nature. Revelation 4:8
  • God’s justice simply means fairness. God is perfectly fair. He will always do the right thing with respect to us. Romans 3:26
  • When people persist in sin and refuse to repent, God eventually reveals his wrath against that sin and rebellion. God’s wrath is perfectly consistent with his love because true love always moves to protect against evil. John 3:16
  • We can understand more about these attributes of God by looking at their human counterparts – keeping in mind that while human love, justice, mercy, and wrath are imperfect and incomplete, these qualities, when found in God, are perfect in every way.
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Are there any of the attributes of God discussed in this lesson that have challenged your view of God? Explain.
  3. Read 1 John 4:10. Why is the cross the greatest expression of God’s love?
  4. Read 1 Peter 5:10 and Psalm 103:8. Describe the relationship between God’s love, grace, and mercy.
  5. Describe the relationship between God’s holiness, justice, and wrath.
  6. Read Revelation 4:8. Why do you think the angels emphasize God’s holiness instead of some other attribute?
  7. What does it mean to say that God’s love is a holy love, or that his mercy is a holy mercy?
  8. Read John 3:16 and Romans 3:26. What would you say to someone who has a problem reconciling God’s love, grace, and mercy with God’s holiness, justice, and wrath?
  9. How has God revealed his generosity to you?
  10. As you consider the relative attributes of God, how does this study help you to know God more deeply? How does it help you to worship him more fully?
  11. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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The Human Identity

Human beings have a unique and special status in God’s creation because we were made in the image of God.

Talking Points:

  • From scripture we learn that humanity has a unique and special status in God’s creation because we were made in the image of God. Psalm 8:3-5
  • Human beings mirror certain aspects of God. Like God, we have the capacity for love and compassion. We have a moral nature and can become more holy. We have a spiritual nature and can have a relationship with God. Genesis 1:26
  • If every human being is created in God’s image, then it follows that every man, woman and child has inherent dignity and is worthy of respect and care. Every human life is sacred because it bears the stamp of God’s image. Genesis 9:5-6
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. What are some of the wrong concepts about human identity common in our society today?
  3. Read Psalm 8:3-5 and Genesis 1:26. In what ways do human beings reflect certain attributes of God, even in a finite manner?
  4. In what ways are human beings distinct from the rest of the animal kingdom?
  5. Does God’s mandate to human beings to reign over creation still apply today? Why or why not? In what ways has humanity exercised that dominion (for good or bad)?
  6. Read Genesis 9:5-6. What social or policy issues are impacted by the understanding that ALL human beings possess intrinsic dignity and are worthy of respect? Explain.
  7. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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Humanity Under Sin

Human beings are morally damaged, spiritually dead, and alienated from God, all as the result of sin.

Talking Points:

  • God commanded Adam and Eve not to eat the fruit of a particular tree and warned them that their disobedience in this matter would lead to death. Unfortunately, Adam and Eve rebelled against God’s word. Genesis 2:16-17
  • We are born sinners, so it is inevitable that we will sin. Because of our sinful nature, our natural inclination is to move away from God. Ephesians 2:1, Isaiah 53:6
  • We do not have the capacity to save ourselves. No one can be saved without God taking the initiative toward us. Ephesians 2:8-9
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Read Genesis 2:16-17. Why is it important to have an accurate understanding of human nature?
  3. Read Romans 3:9 and 3:23. How do these verses describe humanity?
  4. Read Ephesians 2:1-3. Make a list of words or phrases that describe human nature.
  5. If we are spiritually dead, what does that imply about our capacity to know and follow God?
  6. How has sin affected the image of God in human beings? Give some examples to illustrate your answer.
  7. Tell the “cliff” illustration from the video in your own words. How does this illustration help you understand or explain the human condition?
  8. Read Ephesians 2:8-9. How did God initiate salvation for us? What do we need to do to receive his free gift?
  9. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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The Person of Jesus

Because Jesus is both fully human and fully divine, he can be everything we need for our salvation.

Talking Points:

  • At the heart of Christianity is the identity of Jesus. The Christian faith ultimate revolves around him and the claims he made. Jesus is alive today. As both fully human and fully divine, he can be everything we need for our salvation. Hebrews 2:17
  • Jesus is not only fully human but also fully God. He was more than a great moral teacher or paragon of virtue. He is God in human flesh. John 1:1-2, John 8:58-59
  • The fact that Jesus is God matters for our salvation. The Savior had to be divine in order to make a sacrifice perfect enough and infinite enough to pay for the sins of the world. Jesus had no sin of his own to pay for, so he could pay for ours. 2 Corinthians 5:21
  • The greatest sign of Jesus’ divine lordship is that he rose from the dead. This separates him from every other religious leader in history. Jesus did not stay dead. God raised him to life and he lives today. Romans 8:10-11
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Why is the identity of Jesus so important to the Christian faith? What are the implications if we get Jesus wrong?
  3. Read Hebrews 2:17. In what sense can we say that Jesus was authentically human? Does this change the way you think about Jesus? Explain.
  4. Read John 1:1-2, 14. Summarize what this passage says about the identity of Jesus.
  5. Read John 8:56-59. Why did the people pick up stones to throw at Jesus?
  6. Look at Hebrews 2:17 again. Why did Jesus have to be fully human in order to be our Savior?
  7. Read 2 Corinthians 5:21. Why did Jesus have to be fully God in order to be our Savior?
  8. Explain the “liar, lunatic, or Lord” challenge in your own words. Do you find this argument compelling? Explain.
  9. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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Why Jesus Died

Jesus had to die for our sins so that God could be just and merciful at the same time.

Talking Points:

  • Christianity is uniquely a religion of redemption, rooted in idea that people need to be saved, and only God can do that for us. 1 Peter 2:24
  • Much of the Old Testament is devoted to the sacrificial system – with its temple, priests, and offerings – instituted through the Jewish law. The gruesome animal sacrifices required to cover sin taught how serious sin really is. 
  • Jesus was the one to whom the Passover and the whole sacrificial system had been anticipating. Jesus took on the wrath of God for us – as our substitute – on the cross. Isaiah 53:6
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Describe the problem Jesus died to resolve.
  3. Read 1 Peter 2:24. Compared to other faiths, how is Christianity uniquely a religion of redemption?
  4. Explain how the Old Testament sacrificial system set the stage for Jesus’ redemptive work.
  5. Read Exodus 12:1-13. Explain how the Passover anticipated Jesus’ saving work on the cross.
  6. Read John 1:29. Why do you think John identified Jesus as “the lamb of God” rather than “the Son of God”, “the Messiah”, or some other title?
  7. How did the cross reconcile both the justice and mercy of God?
  8. Could God have accomplished our salvation by some other means besides Jesus death? Explain.
  9. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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The Cost of Salvation

Salvation by grace alone through faith alone makes perfect sense when we grasp the high price Jesus paid to make us right with God.

Talking Points:

  • Jesus took on the sins of the world. He absorbed the righteous wrath of God. God punished Jesus for those sins, as a substitute for those who will come to him. Galatians 6:14
  • Despite the gravity of what happened on the cross, we celebrate what Jesus did there because that’s where our sin was dealt with once and for all. Psalm 103:12
  • What Jesus accomplished there is the greatest transaction that has ever occurred. The value of the cross bestows incredible value and worth upon us. 1 Peter 1:18-19
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Which was worse for Jesus on the cross: the pain of crucifixion or the agony of suffering God’s wrath for sin? Explain.
  3. Read Matthew 27:46. Which was worse for Jesus on the cross: the agony of suffering God’s wrath for sin, or the anguish of separation from the Father? Explain.
  4. Read 1 Peter 1:18-19. According to Peter, what was the purpose of Jesus’ sacrifice? What it is that makes the blood of Christ precious?
  5. When you consider the cost of salvation, what does that say about the value of those for whom the price was paid?
  6. Read Romans 3:19. Explain the purpose of the Old Testament law.
  7. Read Luke 18:9-14. Why is it foolish to base our standing with God on our own good works?
  8. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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Who Is the Holy Spirit?

Because the Holy Spirit is God, he has an important role to play in our lives and in the church.

Talking Points:

  • All three person of the Trinity are important and are always working in unison with one another. But in the Old Testament, God the Father is mainly manifested, although the Son and the Spirit are not absent. In the Gospels, God the Son is central. Then, when Jesus ascended to heaven, he sent the Holy Spirit. John 16:7
  • The Holy Spirit is not an “it”. He is not an impersonal force. The Holy Spirit is a person. The Bible portrays the Holy Spirit with qualities of personhood like emotions, intellect, and will. Romans 8:26, 1 Corinthians 2:10-14, 1 Corinthians 12:11
  • The Bible talks about the Holy Spirit in terms of the attributes of deity: he is all-powerful, omnipresent, and all-knowing. Hebrews 9:14, Psalm 139:7, 1 Corinthians 2:10-11
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Read John 16:7. How would you summarize the relationship between the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit?
  3. Read Romans 8:26 and 1 Corinthians 2:10-14. How would you demonstrate from the Bible that the Holy Spirit is a person, not a force?
  4. Why do you think it matters that the Holy Spirit is a person, not a force?
  5. Read Hebrews 9:14 and Psalm 139:7. How would you demonstrate from the Bible that the Holy Spirit is God?
  6. Why do you think it matters that the Holy Spirit is God?
  7. Why is it an advantage to the church that Jesus physically left us?
  8. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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What’s the Role of the Spirit in our Lives Today? (Acts 2:14-21)

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Last time we saw what happened to the disciples on Pentecost:

  • Sound of wind, tongues of fire – representing God’s Spirit
  • Spoke out miraculously in other languages, declaring praises of God
  • People were confused, some even mocked

Today we’ll see Peter’s response to it

  • How far has he come! Now he’s going to explain what’s going on
  • Pay attention to his use of scripture
  • Jesus had earlier opened their minds to understand
  • Then he spent 40 days before his ascension teaching them
  • Surely this is part of his preparation
  • But the other part: the power of the HS
  • Acts 1:8 (NLT) But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you. And you will be my witnesses, telling people about me everywhere…

In the next two weeks we’re going to break down Peter’s explanation

  • In part he was answering their question: Acts 2: (NLT) 12 They stood there amazed and perplexed. “What can this mean?”
  • Some answered: it means you’ve been drinking!
  • Peter refutes that right away
  • But more than that he was preaching the first sermon ever
  • This was the beginning of the church age
  • A new era that would redefine things
  • God’s people would expand from Israel to the church
  • Relationship with God would now become personal
  • Previously corporate, mediated through leaders, priests, etc.
  • Now personal, mediated through God the Holy Spirit – that was part of the significance of tongues of fire on them individually.

And so today, as we take the first part of Peter’s sermon, we’re going to answer this question: What’s the Role of the Holy Spirit in Our Lives Today?

  • He is God, so he’s always been active
  • But his activity is different in our lives today compared to OT times
  • And it all started on the day of Pentecost 2000 years ago

We’ll get there in a second, but first we have to start with an OT story…

If only someday…

Numbers 11:16-17 (NLT) 16 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Gather before me seventy men who are recognized as elders and leaders of Israel. Bring them to the Tabernacle to stand there with you. 17 I will come down and talk to you there. I will take some of the Spirit that is upon you, and I will put the Spirit upon them also. They will bear the burden of the people along with you, so you will not have to carry it alone.

Numbers 11:25 (NLT) 25 And the LORD came down in the cloud and spoke to Moses. Then he gave the seventy elders the same Spirit that was upon Moses. And when the Spirit rested upon them, they prophesied. But this never happened again.

Numbers 11:26-28 (NLT) 26 Two men, Eldad and Medad, had stayed behind in the camp. They were listed among the elders, but they had not gone out to the Tabernacle. Yet the Spirit rested upon them as well, so they prophesied there in the camp. 27 A young man ran and reported to Moses, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp!”

28 Joshua son of Nun, who had been Moses’ assistant since his youth, protested, “Moses, my master, make them stop!”

Numbers 11:29 (NLT) 29 But Moses replied, “Are you jealous for my sake? I wish that all the LORD’s people were prophets and that the LORD would put his Spirit upon them all!”

  • Moses understood the burden of prophecy
  • Speaking to people for God
  • Calling them to be obedient to him
  • That’s why he wished everyone could relate to God like that
  • But it just wasn’t the reality (yet)
  • Numbers 12:6-7 (NLT) “If there were prophets among you, I, the LORD, would reveal myself in visions. I would speak to them in dreams. 7 But not with my servant Moses. Of all my house, he is the one I trust.”

Later, the prophet Joel foretold a new era:

Joel 2:28-29 (NLT) “Then, after doing all those things,

I will pour out my Spirit upon all people.

Your sons and daughters will prophesy.

Your old men will dream dreams,

and your young men will see visions.

29 In those days I will pour out my Spirit

even on servants—men and women alike.”

This was the scripture that Peter would quote in his first-ever sermon. Let’s take a look at it now…

Peter’s sermon (part 1)

Acts 2:14-21 (NLT) 14 Then Peter stepped forward with the eleven other apostles and shouted to the crowd, “Listen carefully, all of you, fellow Jews and residents of Jerusalem! Make no mistake about this. 15 These people are not drunk, as some of you are assuming. Nine o’clock in the morning is much too early for that. 16 No, what you see was predicted long ago by the prophet Joel:

17 ‘In the last days,’ God says,

‘I will pour out my Spirit upon all people.

Your sons and daughters will prophesy.

Your young men will see visions,

and your old men will dream dreams.

18 In those days I will pour out my Spirit

even on my servants—men and women alike—

and they will prophesy.

19 And I will cause wonders in the heavens above

and signs on the earth below—

blood and fire and clouds of smoke.

20 The sun will become dark,

and the moon will turn blood red

before that great and glorious day of the LORD arrives.

Restored: God’s plan all along

Last week we saw that baptism with the HS empowered regular people to share the Good News with people.

  • But the HS does so much more than that!
  • Back to the Moses story – his frustration came from the people’s complaining in the desert
  • They had hard hearts, and he felt the burden of it

And that’s the role of the Holy Spirit

Ezekiel 36:26-27 (NLT) 26 And I will give you a new heart, and I will put a new spirit in you. I will take out your stony, stubborn heart and give you a tender, responsive heart. 27 And I will put my Spirit in you so that you will follow my decrees and be careful to obey my regulations.

Close

What’s the Role of the Holy Spirit in Our Lives Today?

  • (Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Abridged Edition (2 Volumes)) Three major aspects of the ministry of the Holy Spirit are described in vv.8-15: (1) to the world–conviction of sin, righteousness, and judgment (vv.8-11); (2) to the disciples–direction and truth (vv.12-13); (3) to Jesus–revealing him more perfectly to and through those who represent him (vv.14-15).
  • John 16:8 (NLT) And when he comes, he will convict the world of its sin, and of God’s righteousness, and of the coming judgment.
  • John 16:13 (NLT) When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all truth.
  • John 16:14 (NLT) 14 He will bring me glory by telling you whatever he receives from me.

That last part we’ll cover next week, because the HS is just part 1 of Peter’s sermon. Part 2 is all about Jesus.

  • Acts 2:21 But everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved.
Talking Points:
  • Today we’ll look at part one of Peter’s first-ever sermon in the church age. It begins to answer the question: What is the role of the Holy Spirit in our lives today?
  • In the Old Testament the Holy Spirit was given to select individuals for specific tasks. In Moses’ day God shared his Spirit with 70 elders of Israel to help Moses with the burden of ministry. Numbers 11:16-17
  • Moses longed for the day when everyone could receive the Holy Spirit. Joel prophesied that this day would someday come. Numbers 11:29, Joel 2:28-29
  • Peter’s sermon declares that this day had finally come! The Holy Spirit was poured out on every believer, changing forever the way God relates to his people. Acts 2:14-21, Ezekiel 36:26-27
  • The Holy Spirit’s ministry is threefold: he convicts non-believers, guides believers, and glorifies Jesus. John 16:8, 13-14
Discussion:
  1. Read the talking points above as a group, including scripture references. What are your initial thoughts about these points or about the podcast lesson (see audio above)?
  2. How would you have answered today’s question before listening to the podcast? What about after?
  3. Put yourself in the shoes of the onlookers, the eye-witnesses. After physically seeing the baptism of the Holy Spirit, how do you think you would have reacted to Peter’s sermon?
  4. In Acts 2:17, why do you think God describes the referenced time as “the last days”?
  5. How did the individual tongues of fire represent the Holy Spirit’s new role in our relationship with God? How does this compare to the Old Testament examples?
  6. Read Ezekiel 36:26-27. Explain this idea of a “new heart”. How have you experienced it in your own life?
  7. Read John 16:8. What does it mean to be “convicted” by the Holy Spirit? In what ways have you been convicted in the past?
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Eternity

What happens after this life is over has an important bearing on how we live our lives now.

Talking Points:

  • It’s important to consider what happens when this life is over because this life only lasts an instant compared to eternity. The Bible confirms what experience suggests: that human beings continue to exist after death. Hebrews 9:27
  • One day he is coming back to this world. Part of his purpose is to judge humanity. He will gather everyone around him and evaluate our lives. Matthew 25:46
  • Heaven is as indescribable as hell. But one way to envision it is to remember that the original creation God made, which has become fallen, will be restored to its perfection. Everything God meant for the world and for humanity will be fulfilled. Revelation 21:1-5
Discussion:
  1. Initial reactions to this topic? What jumped out at you?
  2. Think of several reasons why the reality of eternity makes a difference in this life.
  3. Read Revelation 20:11-15. On what basis is the final judgment of humanity made? What are the possible outcomes of this judgment?
  4. What are some common ways our culture describes what hell is like?
  5. How would you respond to a Christian who isn’t sure if hell really exists?
  6. Read Mark 9:43-48. How does Jesus describe hell? Do you think this is literal or figurative, and why?
  7. What are some common ways our culture describes what heaven is like?
  8. Read Revelation 21:1-5. What do you find most appealing about this picture of heaven?
  9. Read 2 Corinthians 5:9-10. On what basis is the judgment of believers made? What are the possible outcomes of this judgment?
  10. Write a personal action step based on this conversation.
  11. Is there a step you need to take based on today’s topic?
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